[Zhang
2015] Estimating the counts of Carmichael and Williams numbers with small
multiple seeds, Mathematics of Computation, 84:291
(2015), 309-337.
ABSTRACT. For a positive even integer L, let P(L) denote the set of primes p for which p − 1 divides L but p does not divide L, let C(L) denote the set of Carmichael numbers n where n is composed entirely of primes in P(L) and where L divides n − 1, and let W(L) ⊆ C(L) denote the subset of Williams numbers, which have the additional property
that
p + 1 | n + 1
for each prime p | n. We study |C(L)| and |W(L)| for certain integers L. We describe procedures for generating integers L that have more even divisors than any smaller positive integer,
and we obtain certain numerical evidence to support the conjectures that
log2log2|C(L)| = s(1+o(1)) and log2 log2|W(L)| = s1/2-o(1)
when such an Even-Divisor Optimal Number (EDON) L has s different prime factors. For example, we
determine that |C(735134400)| > 2 ・ 10111. Last, using a heuristic argument, we estimate
that more than 224 Williams numbers may be manufactured from a
particular set of 1029 primes, although we do not construct any explicit examples, and we describe
the difficulties involved in doing so. (download
the txt file of the 1029 primes)
(Note that
|C(L)|=243222…969349 (112 digits)
which
seems currently to be the largest known cardinality of a set of Carmichael numbers, where
L =
735134400 = 26 · 33 · 52 · 7 · 11 · 13 ·
17
is the largest EDON less than 109.)